Additional Material - A Study on Factors Affecting Employees' Intention to Use CRM in the COVID-19

date
2023.09.19
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IBA lab 관리자
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<Material 1> Measuring Items of Variables.

Variable

Statement

Studies

Cost Reduction(COS)

My cost of dealing with customer enquiries has been reduced using eCRM

(Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010) (Dwivedi et al., 2015) (Zhang et al., 2019) (Cui, 2016) (Kim and Shin, 2015)(Chung et al., 2017)

Cost of identifying new customers has been reduced through the use of eCRM

The use of eCRM has diminished customer awareness and training costs

eCRM is more effective than the alternative.

(Chong and Chan,2012) (Martins et al., 2016)

COVID-19 Awareness(COVID)

The COVID-19 lockdown made me find it more challenging to access basic needs.

(Kumar and Ayedee, 2021) (Bhardwaj et al., 2021) (Masood and Sonntag, 2020) (Zhao et al.,2020)

I am worried about COVID-19 occurring at my work.

There is considerable uncertainty when predicting how well the business will do because of COVID-19.

eCRM will be of great help in handling urgent requests from customers during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Digital Transformation(DX)

My company emphasizes the use of digital technology in its business activities.

(Warner and W?ger, 2018) (Fachrunnisa et al.,2020)

My company summarizes some of its business processes because it is switching to digital technology.

The company increases its mastery of digital technology in its business processes.

I am working from home because of COVID-19.

(Nagel, 2020) (Socio-Economic Panel, 2020)

Compatibility(COM)

eCRM is compatible with our company’s IT infrastructure

(Wang et al., 201) (Derham et al., 2011) (Yoon and Cho, 2020)

I use eCRM regularly for business purposes

My organization provides me support for getting training on eCRM

It is easy to integrate eCRM with our other existing systems.

Perceived Ease of Use(PEOU)

Overall, it is easy to learn eCRM

(Chatterjee and Kar, 2020) (Davis, 1989)  (Venkatesh et al.,2012)

It is easy to identify customer demand using eCRM

Information retrieval about a customer is easy using eCRM

Advertising products and services on eCRM is easy

Perceived Usefulness(PU)

eCRM is useful for business

eCRM is a valuable tool for marketing

eCRM enhances the productivity of the business

eCRM helps better query management

Intention to use eCRM(INTENTION)

To the extent possible, I would use eCRM functions (registration of customers, contact customers, promotions, customer analytics, etc.) to do different things.

(Wu and Wu, 2007) (Venkatesh and Bala, 2008)

I intended to use eCRM in my job as often as needed.

I intended to use eCRM in my job routinely.

I predict I would use eCRM on a tablet PC or smartphone.

(Karjaluoto et al.,2014) (Venkatesh and Bala, 2008)

 

 

<Material 2> Demographic characteristics of the respondents.

Category

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Gender

Female

59

50,9

Male

57

49.1

Age Group

20’s

21

18.1

30’s

57

49.1

40’s

13

11.2

Above the ’50s

25

21.6

Education

High School Graduate

13

11.2

Bachelor

65

56.0

Master

28

24.1

PhD.

7

6.0

Other

2

1.8

Occupation

CEO, CIO, Presidents, Directors

17

2.7

CRM managers, CRM technical

8

6.9

Employee in CRM department

18

15.5

IT/IS managers

7

6.0

Sales and Marketing managers or employees

34

29.3

Other

32

39.6

Industry

IT

25

21.6

Financial and Banking

26

22.4

Manufacturing

20

17.2

Services

6

5.2

wholesale and retail business

12

10.3

Others

27

23.3

Software Adoption

Microsoft Dynamics CRM

37

31.9

Hubspot

2

1.7

Finger Sales

1

0.9

Own Software

30

25.9

Monday.com

3

2.5

Salesforce Social Studio

23

19.8

Oracle

13

11.2

None

1

0.9

Others

6

5.2

Number of Employees

Less than 10

27

23.3

Less than 50

31

26.7

Less than 100

13

11.2

Less than 300

26

22.4

CRM System Usage Period

Less than one year

49

42.2

Less than five years

33

28.4

Less than ten years

8

6.9

More than ten years

14

12.1

Others

12

10.4

Total

116

100

 

 

<Material 3> Descriptive Statistics.

Variable

Item

Mean

Standard Deviation

Variable

Item

Mean

Standard Deviation

Compatibility

COM1

3.71

1.237

Perceived Ease Of Use

PEOU1

3.86

1.126

COM2

3.41

1.332

PEOU2

3.92

1.040

COM3

3.32

1.381

PEOU3

3.87

1.084

COM4

3.55

1.274

PEOU4

4.02

1.047

Perceived Usefulness

PU1

3.33

1.061

Cost Reduction

COS1

3.59

1.150

PU2

3.78

1.102

COS2

3.64

1.204

PU3

3.82

1.018

COS3

3.66

1.095

PU4

3.97

1.012

COS4

3.85

1.024

Digital Transformation

DX1

3.90

1.098

Intention to use eCRM

INTENTION1

3.97

1.051

DX2

3.70

1.105

INTENTION2

3.98

1.071

DX3

3.67

1.094

INTENTION3

4.03

.964

DX4

3.39

1.419

INTENTION4

3.85

1.189

COVID-19 Awareness

COVID1

4.03

1.118

 

COVID2

3.81

1.351

COVID3

3.41

1.384

COVID4

3.89

1.028

 

 

<Material  4> Rotated Component Matrix.

Variable

Component

 

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Communality

COM1

.229

.286

-.013

.717

.293

.075

.142

.760

COM2

.162

.190

.032

.734

.093

.304

.043

.705

COM3

.156

.175

.190

.790

-.019

.045

.146

.739

COM4

.130

.226

.156

.594

.255

.370

.043

.649

PU1

.066

-.049

.316

.278

.077

.658

.005

.623

PU2

.364

.229

.162

.139

.114

.698

-.012

.731

PU3

.378

.202

.189

.149

.128

.666

.008

.702

PU4

.419

.416

.106

.094

.233

.586

.010

.767

PEOU1

.191

.478

.151

.366

.536

.119

.025

.723

PEOU2

.402

.199

.277

.085

.695

.028

.049

.772

PEOU3

.431

.296

.127

.153

.626

.133

.006

.723

PEOU4

.261

.214

.279

.139

.658

.250

.110

.719

COS1

.190

.111

.769

.210

.161

.153

.143

.754

COS2

.363

.056

.800

-.012

.177

.155

.096

.821

COS3

.104

.192

.806

.054

.227

.251

.075

.821

COS4

.077

.315

.595

.207

.387

.163

-.100

.688

DX1

.174

.755

.170

.305

.174

.149

.003

.775

DX2

.059

.804

.150

.163

.235

.236

.092

.819

DX3

.190

.846

.090

.189

.154

.081

.100

.836

DX4

.219

.449

.348

.384

-.206

-.121

.183

.609

INTENTION1

.793

.141

.199

.268

.099

.237

.087

.834

INTENTION2

.793

.125

.206

.141

.198

.155

.051

.773

INTENTION3

.729

.199

.155

.135

.162

.257

.056

.709

INTENTION4

.502

.047

.141

.356

.319

.193

.014

.541

COVID1

.155

.080

.043

.037

.151

.209

.718

.616

COVID2

.022

.154

.091

.020

-.040

-.146

.834

.752

COVID3

.013

-.042

.005

.195

-.002

-.059

.830

.732

COVID4

-.132

-.015

.283

.049

.532

.146

.509

.664

Each number represents the partial correlation coefficient between the variable and the rotational component in the rotational component matrix. Through the Korean sample, each measurement item converges to the corresponding construct. Moreover, the factor loadings were all very high, above 0.5, and the cross-loadings were all below 0.3, so the validity of the research tool was secured.

 

<Material 5> KMO and Bartlett’s Test.

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy

.875

Bartlett's Test of Sphericity

Approx. Chi-Square

2163.873

df

378

Sig

.000

 

 

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